What are the four steps of the JIPOE process?

The JIPOE (Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment) process consists of four steps that guide military planners in understanding their operational environment and the capabilities of potential adversaries. The correct sequence of these steps is to first define the operational environment (OE), which includes identifying relevant characteristics of the terrain and the situation that may impact operations.

Following that, the process involves defining the impacts on the operational environment, which allows planners to understand how various factors such as weather, economic conditions, and political aspects influence military operations. This sets the stage for a thorough evaluation of the adversary's capabilities and intentions. Finally, determining the course of action (COA) integrates all this information, enabling commanders to devise effective strategies for potential conflicts.

This process is essential for effective military planning, as it ensures that all relevant factors are considered before making strategic decisions. Each step builds upon the previous one, culminating in a comprehensive understanding that informs tactical and operational plans.