To qualify as a state, what criteria must be met?

To qualify as a state under international law, the criteria that must be met include a permanent population, a defined territory, a government capable of maintaining order and conducting diplomatic relations, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. The correct criteria encompass all aspects necessary for statehood as recognized by international law.

A permanent population refers to people who reside in the state on a continuous basis. Defined territory is necessary to establish physical boundaries that delineate where the state has authority and governance. A functioning government is essential as it provides order and enforces laws within the territory. Finally, the ability to engage with other states signifies that the entity can operate within the international community, entering into treaties and participating in international organizations.

The other options present various combinations of criteria that do not fully encapsulate the well-established legal requirements of statehood as recognized by entities such as the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States. For instance, while elements like international recognition and a constitution might be beneficial for a state, they are not strictly necessary components of how statehood is defined under international law.